Just one 10 thousandths of a gram of antimatter could send a spaceship to Mars in only 45 days. But even this is insanely expensive for only one bullet. Most of the mass is antiprotons, which can annihilate with protons or neutrons, leading to $e^{\pm}$, $\gamma$, and mesons. Counting and finding real solutions of an equation. An explosive, upon detonation, releases a large amount of energy. achieving the specified result. $3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1} * 200K=7.31310^{20} kJ$. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. If the Big Bang led to equal parts matter and antimatter forming, these probably would have then bumped into each other, obliterated one another, and then presumably exploded again. But that would miss all the boats, planes and submarines crowding their primitive buoyancy based transportation lanes. "In the case of a chemical reaction, you're transforming only about a millionth of the mass of the object of the molecule into energy,"Professor Doser says. Professor Doser and his colleagues need anti-protons. "If we don't find a difference between matter and antimatter, then that's going to be the only remaining explanation," Professor Doser says. For a period of time after the Big Bang there was only energy. A Tsar Bomb? Unconventional Rocket Drives - Antimatter Propulsion The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: R = 130 W(1/3) = 130 1(1/3) = 130 m The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. Now we need to know how this works in tons. If the number of Short Tons is larger than 300, you should submit USGS form 9-4040-A. $10^{32}J$ is simply the gravitational binding energy of the planet. That gives you a nice $1,200 km^2$ blast incineration area. To some degree this is just like a normal nuclear explosion of the same yield. any large scale destruction of a city, with non antimatter device, on earth of a nuclear ready country would trigger mutually assured destruction, in what is estimated to be a thousand times over. All of the antiprotons created at Fermilab's Tevatron particle accelerator add up to only 15 nanograms. 3.5 nanograms of antimatter would equal the amount of explosive in an average hand grenade with about an effective 15m blast/shrapnel radius. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Let's shoot to heat up the atmosphere by 200K; there's no way anyone's surviving that. However, humans have produced only a minuscule amount of antimatter. $<< 10^{32}J$ (gravitational binding energy of Earth), We must use an even bigger bomb. Both humans and bananas only produce a tiny amount of antimatter, which is why we havent all been destroyed. I went to wolframalpha.com, and typed in this. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion, "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons / Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", "Laser technique produces bevy of antimatter", "Details on antimatter triggered fusion bombs - NextBigFuture.com", "Angels & Demons: The Physics Behind The Movie (and The Book)", "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons: Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", Page discussing the possibility of using antimatter as a trigger for a thermonuclear explosion, Paper discussing the number of antiprotons required to ignite a thermonuclear weapon, Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments, Existential risk from artificial intelligence, Self-Indication Assumption Doomsday argument rebuttal, Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal, List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events, List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimatter_weapon&oldid=1139434888, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 03:22. This blast radius calculator helps you determine the distance for detonations, after which there would be no fragments. The second is that CERN is interested infundamental research understanding things without knowing how this knowledge could be applied. ", "Beirut Blast: How does yield of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate compare against Halifax explosion, Hiroshima bombing? $> 10^{32}J$. Both antimatter and matter were created after the big bang, and the universe should be made up of 50% matter, and 50% antimatter. Would it be imperceptible? This would cause the entire Earth to explode and break into thousands of pieces. Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. I have no idea what you're talking about. There are two surefire ways. $\begingroup$ For shooting it through the air: you need to have some kind of containment anyway and a single gram of antimatter-matter annihilation is like an atombomb going off so you dont need much. Antimatter Fuel - Atomic Rockets The blast radius is merely an indicative number, and it is still UNSAFE to be anywhere close to the blast radius in a real-world scenario. Some humans would probably survive this, though. But whenever this happens when loads of energy gets concentrated and turned into the mass of matter antimatter isborn too. Check out 477 similar physics calculators, Social Media Time Alternatives Calculator. 2 * (mass of earth) * c^2 And the answer is $1.0735089\times10^{42}$ J (joules) Wolfram Alpha gave the following helpful equivalency: $( \frac{1}{93} )\times$ energy released from a supernova $(\approx 1\times 10 . Converts antimatter to energy in joules. It's the only way to be sure. The estimated energy at impact when the largest fragment of, Estimates in 2010 show that the kinetic energy of the. I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. Unlike Big Bang speculation, these measurements, which are testable and repeatable, were real science. Which means we shouldnt exist, physicists are still unsure as to why were around. It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. With about 100,000 ships out there, that's a lot of survivors. This is one of the more common types of "TNT equivalence" and is the one used on USGS form 9-4040A. For a fragmenting munition where public access is possible, the TNT explosion radius, DDD, is: This distance is different for the bare explosives. In order to reach the core we would have to send it 4,000 miles down. 10 grams of antimatter will annihilate 10 g matter, which just produces 429.6 kT. Also your question only speaks about blowing up a planet completely, whereas my questions number 1 and 2 only speak about killing all humans and all animals respectively which is very different (your question very clearly states near the end "I dont just want to destroy all life on the surface, I want to reduce the entire planet to rubble so that very little remains"). "Perhaps, just under four billion years ago, the Earth could have been hit by asteroids up to 400 kilometers across, forty times bigger than the one that is supposed to have been responsible for the K/T extinctions. Except the isochoric heat capacity of earth atmosphere is $C_v=.717kJ*kg^{-1}*K^{-1}$. There are many hypothetical antimatter weapons, the most well known of which is the antimatter bomb. Find out more about shock waves in our oblique shock calculator and Prandtl Meyer expansion calculator. Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. Making 1 gram of antimatter would require approximately 25 million billion (10 15) kilowatt-hours of energy and cost over a million billion US dollars. Nope. Collisions between high-energy photons can result in a pair of matter/antimatter particles. Use this specific gravity calculator to find the specific gravity of different materials and see whether they will float or sink. The blast radius follows Hopkinson-Cranz Law which states that identical explosives with the same geometry but different sizes and distances will produce self-similar blast waves in the same atmosphere. The word "antimatter" is not even mentioned anywhere in your question. The previous answer covered the bases fairly well for options 1 and 3. And based on what we know about this terrifying-sounding substance, the Universe probably shouldn't exist at all. You can crash 10km sized asteroids into it, and there'll still be some survivors to whine about the injustice of it all. There is such a thing as an antimatter trap. $361,000,000 km^2$ to cover, you'd need another 3,009 MIEVs. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. The resulting temperatures would be "well beyond the upper limit for life and the surface of the Earth would have been baked free of living microbes." That's5 thousand trillion euros. Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! Can we add matter and antimatter to the universe? Would it be similarly anti-climactic? But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. How many thermonuclear bombs needed to make a hole from the surface to the Mantle of a planet that is the same size as planet Earth? They dont allow anything to shake their commitment to the Big Bang story, even the conclusion that our universe shouldnt exist if the Big Bang were true! A more realistic method might be to create a nuclear winter, by blowing dust up into the sky. How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans, eradicate all animals and blow up the Earth? A blast wave unleashes a large amount of energy that causes changes in pressure and temperature along its path. This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. Joules. With ANFO or ammonium nitrate, they would require 1.0/0.74 (or 1.35) kg or 1.0/0.32 (or 3.125) kg, respectively. Convert that into mass using $E=mc^2$ and we get $8.13710^6 kg$ divide by 2 because half that mass is coming from regular matter and we have $4.06910^6 kg$. It's also likely the most explosive substance on the planet. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? So 1 mg 18F-FDG will produce about ~10^15 times as much annihilation energy as a single anti-proton (these are just rough estimates to get a feel for the magnitudes involved). 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. The NIAC is currently researching antimatter powered spaceships, and according to NASA it looks promising. Using PETN, engineers would need 1.0/1.66 (or 0.60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1kg of TNT. The shock wave is usually spherical or hemispherical in shape. Antimatter - Wikipedia This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? This enables engineers to determine the proper masses of different explosives when applying blasting formulas developed specifically for TNT. Although submission of USGS form 9-4040-A is not mandatory, IME recommends that applicable mining operations submit the form to keep U.S. antiproliferation authorities informed. Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. TBX (thermobaric explosives) or EBX (enhanced blast explosives), in a small, confined space, may have over twice the power of destruction. TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. The Antimatter Bomb: Only Weapon More Powerful Than A Nuke Similarly, you can estimate the blast radius for c4 explosives too. This equivalency is most famously described in Einstein's equation: e (energy) = m (the mass of matter) xc (the speed of light) squared. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? Source: Ian Goddard and Cockell, Charles S. Impossible Extinction. Antimatter weapons are currently too costly and unreliable to be viable in warfare, as producing antimatter is enormously expensive (estimated at $6 billion for every 100 nanograms), the quantities of antimatter generated are very small, and current technology has great difficulty containing antimatter, which annihilates upon touching ordinary matter. Space Mechs or Tanks or Planes or Marines - Fighting in space without blowing up each other's starships. For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphusone of these objects happens to fit the bill as it is probably over 8 km diameter (close enough for our imagination) and currently scheduled to pass about 17 million km from the earth on Nov 24, 2071. You have antimatter containment capsule that only has to hold out for seconds at most when fired. Surely you remember Einstein's famous E = Mc2. Current technology only allows us to store small amounts of antimatter in each Penning trap. Let's estimate the safety distance for the detonation of bare exposed 0.5kg0.5~\mathrm{kg}0.5kg of TNT. This is not the first time Big Bang thinking has led to the conclusion that the universe shouldnt exist. 1 gram of TNT = 2930.76 joules. When a collision between a particle and its opposing antiparticle collide, both of them are annihilated which causes a massive release of energy, otherwise known as an explosion. So far, all the antimatter created in all the particle accelerators on Earth wouldn't be enough to boil a cup of water. The relative differences between two explosives with shaped charges will be even greater. Divide the energy put out by this annihilation and we get $\Delta K = 14000$. So if correct the answer would answer question number 3, but questions number 1 and 2 are left unanswered. This high-pressure wave, i.e., the blast wave, travels until it interacts with an object and reflects back.
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