While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . He gave information to the newly formed East India Company and continued his interest in the North American colonizing project; he was one of the chief promoters of the petition to the crown for patents to colonize Virginia in 1606 and at one point contemplated a voyage to the colony. A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. [29], Hakluyt is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his writings. His published collections of documents relating to early English explorations are regarded among the "great books" of American history for their stimulation of interest in New World colonization. In the preface to this he announced the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in England by Emery Molyneux. The outbreak of war with Spain put an end to the effectiveness of overseas propaganda and the opportunity for further exploration, so he began work on a project that he had had in mind for some time. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. Motivation for European conquest of the New World [9] Hakluyt's father, also named Richard Hakluyt, was a member of the Worshipful Company of Skinners whose members dealt in skins and furs. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/, IvyPanda. His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. This was The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, which, by its scholarship and comprehensiveness, transcended all geographical literature to date; the first edition, in one volume, appeared in 1589. In 1606 he appears as the chief promoter of the petition to James I for letters patent to colonise Virginia, which were granted on 10 April 1606. Nor did his belief in the possibility of Arctic passages to the East fade, for he was also a charter member of the Northwest Passage Company of 1612. Richard Hakluyt was not an explorer nor a colonizer. That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. This work was intended to encourage the young colony of Virginia; Scottish historian William Robertson wrote of Hakluyt, "England is more indebted for its American possessions than to any man of that age. In 1613 appeared the Pilgrimage of Samuel Purchas, another clergyman fascinated with the new discoveries of the age. In particular, he emphasizes that the economic challenges faced by Britain can be eliminated through colonial means. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). This, the prose epic of the English nation, is more than a documentary history of exploration and adventure; with tales of daring it mingles historical, diplomatic, and economic papers to establish English right to sovereignty at sea and to a place in overseas settlement. In spirit, it was a continuation of Hakluyts own work, and the two editors probably became acquainted. [5] His last publication was a translation of Hernando de Soto's discoveries in Florida, entitled Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description of the Maine Land of Florida, Her Next Neighbour (1609). In the treatise, he argued that colonization was an opportunity to proselytize the Protestant faith, exploit America's natural resources, create new trade markets, and offer work to the unemployed. Hakluyt justifies the latter by claiming that colonization will limit the spread and expansion of the Spanish territory and subsequently jeopardize the interests of England. What made them exciting? [25] The translation may also have been part of the propaganda encouraging English people to settle in Virginia. In addition, the indigenous people, including Indians, are mere tools that serve the interests of the English people. Missions became the engine of colonization in North America. In addition, read about his work on Atlantic voyages and discovery. and M.A. Among these Southern European sailors was Giovanni Cabot, known also as John Cabot, an Italian explorer who served the King of England. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Richard Hakluyt | Encyclopedia.com New World Exploration and English Ambition - PBS 21 chapters | That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. [10] In 1599, he became an adviser to the newly-founded East India Company, and in 1601 he edited a translation from the Portuguese of Antonio Galvo's The Discoveries of the World. to the reliefe of the colonie planted in Virginia, in . After his father's death, Haklyut's cousin, Richard Hakluyt the Elder, took him under his care. Besides, the occupation of key ports will enhance commercial activities since England will charge duties and control high-traffic regions. The Discourse on the Western Planting | work by Hakluyt IV of, It has been claimed that the Hakluyts were given "Eaton Hall" (Yatton?) Omissions? He died in 1557 when his son was aged about five years, and his wife Margery[1] followed soon after. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. How does Hakluyt justify British claims to territorial possession in the Western Hemisphere? Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. [14], Hakluyt died on 23 November 1616, probably in London, and was buried on 26 November in Westminster Abbey;[5][27] by an error in the abbey register his burial is recorded under the year 1626. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. 232 lessons. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. The latter term encompasses paganism, Judaism, and Islam. But it is the Voyages that remains his memorial. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. It began with Portuguese exploring places such as the Atlantic archipelagos and the coast of Africa during the fifteenth century. 2. Colliding Cultures | THE AMERICAN YAWP Among them were Humphrey Gilbert, an explorer and businessman; Gilbert's half-brother, Walter Raleigh (1552-1618); and writer and geographer Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616). Unfortunately, his wealth was squandered by his only son. Firstly, his geographical studies were useful to merchants and explorers as guides to America. 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